Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (NMC, also abbreviated Li-NMC, LNMC, or NCM) are mixed metal oxides of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt. NMCs are among the most important storage materials for lithium ions in lithium ion batteries. They are used on the positive side, which acts as the cathode during discharge.

Lithium titanate is a compound with the chemical formula Li2TiO3. The lithium-titanate-oxide (LTO) battery is a type of rechargeable battery which has the advantage of being faster to charge than other lithium-ion batteries, but the disadvantage of having a much lower energy density.

A lithium ion manganese oxide battery (LMO) is a lithium-ion cell that uses manganese dioxide, MnO 2, as the cathode material. They function through the same intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism as other commercialised secondary battery technologies, such as LiCoO 2. Cathodes based on manganese-oxide components are earth-abundant, inexpensive, non-toxic, and provide better thermal stability.

Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard brittle slivery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of industrial alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. High grade, high purity manganese is used as a primary cathode material in lithium-ion manganese batteries or NCM batteries.

MHEV (Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles) are automobiles with an internal combustion engine (ICE) equipped with an electric machine (one motor/generator in a parallel hybrid configuration) allowing the engine to be turned off whenever the car is coasting, braking, or stopped, yet restart quickly. Mild hybrids may employ regenerative braking and some level of power assist to the internal combustion engine (ICE), but mild hybrids do not have an electric-only mode of propulsion

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. These deposits form a mineralized commodity that is of economic interest to the miner. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain any material that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory.

Mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP) is a nickel and cobalt-cointaining intermediate product that can be used as a raw material imput for lithium-ion battery production. 

Miles per kWh (mpkWh) is the unit used in the car. Some EVs use Wh per mile (or kilometer), which is similar in concept to the litres/100km used in many places for ICE vehicle fuel efficiency.

The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) is a driving cycle, last updated in 1997 that was designed to assess the emission levels of car engines and fuel economy in passenger cars (which excludes light trucks and commercial vehicles).

Next-generation batteries can charge, recharge, and discharge quickly; often while simultaneously cutting costs. The latest generation of EV and grid scale storage batteries have a higher capacity, a higher efficiency, and are longer-lasting, than standard lithium-ion batteries. New varieties of advanced batteries last with a high capacity for 20+ years; and can charge in minutes.

The most common type of high capacity, widely used, advanced batteries being developed today are lithium-ion batteries made in combination with other metals or other elements; creating a new battery technology, like li-ion cobalt oxide. A few other examples of advanced li-ion next-gen battery technologies currently on the market include: li-ion cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, li-ion silicon, li-ion manganese oxide, li-ion sulphur, and li-ion solid state. 

The best-in-class batteries based on advanced li-ion chemistry are more efficient, greener, lighter, longer lasting, often rechargable; and have a higher capacity than conventional batteries. Advanced next-gen li-ion batteries could revolutionise battery technology for electric vehicles, grid storage, commercial/ municipal buildings, RVs, boats, and other several applications.

Nickel is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. Nickel is one of four elements (the others are iron, cobalt, and gadolinium) that are ferromagnetic at approximately room temperature. The metal is valuable in modern times chiefly in alloys; about 68% of world production is used in stainless steel. A further 10% is used for nickel-based and copper-based alloys, 7% for alloy steels, 3% in foundries, 9% in plating and 4% in other applications, including the fast-growing battery sector, including those in electric vehicles (EVs).

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides chemistry (abbreviated Li-NMC, LNMC, NMC or NCM) involves a cathode combination of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt. They have the general formula LiNixMnyCozO2. Most electric vehicles manufacturers use NMC batteries. 

An offtake agreement would occur between a producer and a buyer to purchase or sell products that are yet to be produced. It is normally negotiated before the construction of a factory or facility to secure a market and revenue stream for its future output. Offtake agreements are typically used to help the selling company acquire project financing for future construction, expansion projects, or new equipment through the promise of future income and proof of existing demand for the goods.

Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals, typically containing metals, that can be mined, treated and sold at a profit.

Ore is extracted from the earth through mining and treated or refined, to extract the valuable metals or minerals. The grade of ore refers to the concentration of the desired material it contains. The value of the metals or minerals a rock contains must be weighed against the cost of extraction to determine whether it is of sufficiently high grade to be worth mining, and is therefore considered an ore. 

A PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery can be recharged by plugging a charging cable into an external electric power source, and also internally by its on-board internal combustion engine-powered generator. Most PHEVs are passenger cars, but there are also PHEV versions of commercial vehicles and vans, utility trucks, buses, trains, motorcycles, mopeds, and even military vehicles.